Those arrested must be taken to a police station as soon as possible, where they must be released, charged or detained for questioning. [118] People can only be detained without charge for 24 hours, but this can be extended to 36 hours for a criminal offense or an additional 36 hours (for a total of 72 hours), but only with permission from a district court where the detainee is entitled to legal representation. [119] Individuals may be searched at a police station under the authority of an inspector, but may only conduct intimate searches of orifices if there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Class A drug or thing is likely to cause injury. A detainee has the right to inform a friend or relative and to consult a lawyer, but this right may be delayed by 36 hours if arrested for a criminal offence or by 48 hours for terrorism. [120] Interviews should be recorded, people can be photographed and tested for drugs without their consent. This was a serious grievance of the southern colonies in the run-up to the U.S. Declaration of Independence. [11] By 1789, ideas of inherent rights had developed and inspired both the United States Bill of Rights and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen after the American and French Revolutions. Although some have described natural rights as “stilt nonsense,”[12] other legal rights have been slowly developed by Parliament and the courts. Commissioners have a duty to enforce the law, but decisions on the allocation of limited resources mean that police forces may choose to prioritize the fight against certain types of crime (e.g.
violence) over others (e.g. drugs). [137] In general, police forces are not liable for misdemeanors if they do not stop the crime,[138] but there are positive obligations to take preventive action or adequately investigate allegations. [139] The right of the individual to liberty, to be free from the domination or servitude of others, and to lose his liberty only “by lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land,” has been fundamental in British and English law since the Magna Carta. [98] However, this was not until the 16th century. It was maintained in the British Empire at least until 1833, when forced labor was completely abolished and habeas corpus (the right to one`s own body) was extended to all. [99] Benjamin Franklin`s alleged assertion that those who sacrifice liberty for security lose both and deserve neither,[100] is reflected in human rights law.
