Note: This table shows only states that had allowed and recognized or legalized same-sex marriages prior to Obergefell v. Hodges. It does not include states that have recognized same-sex marriages from other jurisdictions, but have not allowed them. At the end of the day, I think the equality safeguard clause guarantees same-sex marriage in all fifty states. But as you know, the courts have always been strategic. There were times when the stars were aligned and the court like lightning a verdict like Brown v. Board of Education, but it`s quite rare. And given the direction of society, the change could become less controversial and more permanent if the court allowed the trial to proceed as it did. [115] Two other studies examined the personal accounts of LGBT adults and their families living in Memphis, Tennessee, immediately after a successful 2006 election campaign banning same-sex marriage. Most respondents said they felt alienated from their community. The studies also found that families experienced a secondary type of minority stress, says Jennifer Arm, a consulting doctoral student at the University of Memphis. [158] MINNESOTA: 2013 – After Minnesota voters first rejected a state-proposed constitutional amendment defining marriage as a union between a man and a woman in 2012, the legislature proposed a bill to legalize same-sex marriage in 2013. The law has been approved and will come into force on August 1.
Windsor, leading to federal recognition of same-sex marriage, with federal benefits for married couples affiliated with the state of residence or the state where the marriage was contracted. In May 2015, national public support for same-sex marriage rose to 60% for the first time. [6] In June 2015, the Supreme Court ruled in the landmark civil rights case Obergefell v. Hodges that the fundamental right of same-sex couples to marry on the same terms as opposite-sex couples, with all the rights and obligations associated with it, is guaranteed by both the Due Process Clause and the Equality Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. According to a study published in May 2020 by the Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law and Public Policy, the legalization of same-sex marriage has boosted the local and state economy by about $3.8 billion. The Williams Institute has estimated that the 300,000 same-sex couples who have married in the United States since 2015 have generated about $3.2 billion for the local and state economy. In addition, traveling wedding guests spent an additional $544 million and about 45,000 jobs were supported by same-sex marriages. $244 million was generated in state and local taxes. [150] [151] [152] * MAINE – When supporters of same-sex marriage put the question to a vote in Maine, it was the first attempt to legalize same-sex marriage in a popular referendum. It was adopted by voters in the November 2012 elections.
