Bottom-up (CAD-centric) design occurs when the definition of 3D models of a product begins with the design of individual components. These are then virtually merged into assemblies of more than one level until the entire product is defined numerically. This is sometimes called a “rating structure,” which shows what the product will look like. The BOM contains all the physical (solid) components of a product from a CAD system; It may also (but not always) contain other “mass-produced items” that are necessary for the final product, but that (despite a certain physical mass and volume) are not usually associated with CAD geometry such as paint, glue, oil, tape, and other materials. The first step is to define product requirements based on the views of customers, companies, markets and regulators. From this specification, the most important technical parameters of the product can be defined. In parallel, the first design concept is realized, which defines the aesthetics of the product as well as its main functional aspects. Many different media are used for these processes, from pencil and paper to clay models and computer-aided 3D CADID industrial design software. A top-down part-centric design can eliminate some of the risks of a top-down design.
It starts with a layout template, often a simple 2D sketch that defines base sizes and some important definition parameters that may include some industrial design elements. The geometry of this is copied associatively to the next level, which represents various subsystems of the product. The geometry of the subsystems is then used to define more detail in the lower levels. Depending on the complexity of the product, several levels of this assembly are created until the basic definition of components such as position and main dimensions can be identified. This information is then copied associatively into component files. In these files, the components are detailed; This is where the classic bottom-up assembly comes in. None of the above phases should be considered isolated. In reality, a project does not run sequentially or separately from other product development projects, with information flowing between different people and systems.
An essential part of PLM is the coordination and management of product definition data. This includes managing design changes and publishing component status; variations in configuration products; Document management; Project resource planning and risk planning and assessment. In the changing business environment, companies are looking for new ways to deliver maximum value to customers and gain competitive advantage. As a result, the focus on product design and overall PLM has emerged as a critical area for the success of modern industry. This shift in value characteristics is reflected in the figure below, which highlights the shift in the company`s attention from the manufacturing phase to the design and mid-life stages. Previously, massive investments in total quality management and total productive maintenance were focused on improving product costs, quality, and time-to-market. Today, they are no longer sufficient to gain a competitive advantage. Today, the focus is on innovation to ensure that the customer receives holistic satisfaction with the product that goes beyond traditional definitions of product quality and cost. Issues such as the environment, risks, life-cycle costs and quality of service are also important. The products have changed their meaning and composition. A product is no longer a simple artifact sold to generate revenue, but a complex system consisting of a tangible core (the physical product) and a set of intangible assets such as customer services. This represents a definitive shift towards the product-service paradigm, where a product is considered part of human society.
However, the industry`s ability to enable such holistic products and support services is currently hampered by the lack of information in the product lifecycle (i.e. limits the flow of information between the BOL phase and the MOL-EOL phase). The concept of Product Life Cycle (SPS) refers to the lifetime of a product in the market in terms of commercial/commercial costs and sales activities. The product lifecycle goes through multiple phases, encompasses many professional disciplines, and requires many skills, tools, and processes. PLC management is based on the following three assumptions:A form of PLM is called person-centric PLM. While traditional PLM tools were only used during the release or publish phase, person-centric PLM targets the design phase. Bottom-up design tends to focus on the capabilities of the actual physical technology available and implement the solutions for which that technology is best suited. If these bottom-up solutions have real value, bottom-up design can be much more effective than top-down design. The risk of bottom-up design is that it provides highly effective solutions to low-value problems.
Bottom-up design emphasizes “What can we do most effectively with this technology?” rather than the top-down focus, which is “What is the most valuable thing to do?” However, the reality is more complex, people and departments cannot accomplish their tasks in isolation and one activity cannot simply be completed and the next activity begins. Design is an iterative process, often designs need to be modified due to manufacturing constraints or conflicting requirements. The suitability of a sales order in the timeline depends on the type of industry and whether the products are made to order, custom made, or assembled to order, for example. A research director at research firm Gartner suggested changing the term ALM to ADLM (Application Development Life-cycle Management) to include DevOps, the culture and practice of software development that aims to unify software development (Dev) and software operations (Ops). [3] This has led to the practice of integrated application lifecycle management, or integrated ALM, where all users of tools and tools are synchronized with each other throughout the application development phase. [ref. needed] This integration ensures that every team member knows who, what, when, and why changes during the development process, and there are no last-minute surprises that lead to delivery delays or project errors. [ref. Many software solutions have been developed to organize and integrate the different phases of a product`s life cycle. PLM should not be seen as a single software product, but as a set of software tools and ways of working integrated with each other to manage individual phases of the lifecycle, or to connect different tasks or manage the entire process.
Some software providers cover the entire PLM spectrum, while others offer individual niche applications. Some applications may include many PLM areas with different modules within the same data model. Here you will find an overview of the PLM domains. Simple classifications do not always correspond exactly; Many domains overlap and many software products cover more than one domain or do not easily fit into a category. It should also be remembered that one of the main goals of PLM is to gather knowledge that can be reused for other projects and to coordinate the simultaneous development of many products. This involves business processes, people and methods as well as software application solutions. Although PLM is primarily associated with engineering tasks, it also includes marketing activities such as product portfolio management (PPM), especially with regard to new product development (NPD).
